MolluscaBase taxon details
Limax maximus Linnaeus, 1758
819992 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:819992)
accepted
Species
Krynickillus mamelianus Bourguignat, 1869 · unaccepted
Limacella parma Brard, 1815 · unaccepted
Limax (Limax) maximus Linnaeus, 1758 · alternative representation
Limax bocagei Castro, 1873 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Limax cinereus O. F. Müller, 1774 · unaccepted (junior synonym)
Limax eubalius Bourguignat, 1864 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Limax maculatus Nunneley, 1837 · unaccepted
Limax maximus var. cellarius Moquin-Tandon, 1855 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym (variety)
Limax maximus var. obscurus Moquin-Tandon, 1855 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Limax sylvaticus Draparnaud, 1805 · unaccepted > superseded combination (original name)
- Variety Limax maximus var. aldrovandi Moquin-Tandon, 1855 accepted as Limax aldrovandi Moquin-Tandon, 1855 (unaccepted > superseded rank)
- Variety Limax maximus var. carbonarius O. Boettger, 1885 accepted as Limax carbonarius O. Boettger, 1885 (unavailable name)
- Variety Limax maximus var. cellarius Moquin-Tandon, 1855 accepted as Limax maximus Linnaeus, 1758 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, variety)
- Variety Limax maximus var. obscurus Moquin-Tandon, 1855 accepted as Limax maximus Linnaeus, 1758 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Variety Limax maximus var. tschapecki Simroth, 1886 accepted as Limax tschapecki Simroth, 1886 (original name)
- Variety Limax maximus var. fasciatus Moquin-Tandon, 1855 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
- Variety Limax maximus var. ferrussaci Moquin-Tandon, 1855 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
- Variety Limax maximus var. johnstoni Moquin-Tandon, 1855 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
- Variety Limax maximus var. limbatus Moquin-Tandon, 1855 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
- Variety Limax maximus var. luctuosus Moquin-Tandon, 1855 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
- Variety Limax maximus var. muelleri Moquin-Tandon, 1855 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
- Variety Limax maximus var. niger Moquin-Tandon, 1855 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
- Variety Limax maximus var. rufescens Moquin-Tandon, 1855 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
- Variety Limax maximus var. serpentinus Moquin-Tandon, 1855 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. <em>Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm].</em> 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886
page(s): 652 [details] Available for editors
[request]
page(s): 652 [details] Available for editors
[request]
MolluscaBase eds. (2024). MolluscaBase. Limax maximus Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed at: https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=819992 on 2025-03-30
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original description
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. <em>Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm].</em> 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886
page(s): 652 [details] Available for editors [request]
original description (of Limax eubalius Bourguignat, 1864) Bourguignat, J.-R. (1864). Malacologie de la Grande-Chartreuse, 1-103, 9 unnumbered pls (panoramic landscapes) + pls 1-8 (duplicate plates: both in b/w and in colour), Paris (F. Savy), available online at https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k990480
page(s): 35, pl. I, fig. 6-8 [details]
original description (of Limacella parma Brard, 1815) Brard, C.-P. (1815). Histoire des coquilles terrestres et fluviatiles qui vivent aux environs de Paris. 1-240 + 1-19, pls. 1-10. J. J. Pashoud, Paris-Geneve.
page(s): 110 [details]
original description (of Limax maculatus Nunneley, 1837) Nunneley, T. (1837). A description of the internal structure of various limaces, found in the neighbourhood of Leeds. <em>Transactions of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society.</em> 1: 41-79.
page(s): 46 [details]
original description (of Krynickillus mamelianus Bourguignat, 1869) Bourguignat, J.-R. (1869). Catalogue des Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles des environs de Paris à l'époque quaternaire. In: Belgrand, F.E. (ed.) Histoire générale de Paris. La Seine. i. Le Bassin Parisien aux âges antéhistoriques. Annexe. Imprimerie Impériale, Paris, 32 pp., 3 pls., available online at https://books.google.fr/books?id=y0P2wxoYXRcC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false
page(s): 4 [details]
original description (of Limax bocagei Castro, 1873) da Silva e Castro, J. (1873). Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles du Portugal. Espèces nouvelles ou peu connues. <em>Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes, Academia real das Sciencias de Lisboa.</em> 15: 241-246. Lisboa.
page(s): 244 [details]
original description (of Limax cinereus O. F. Müller, 1774) Müller, O. F. (1774). Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusorium, Helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. vol 2: I-XXXVI, 1-214, 10 unnumbered pages. Havniae et Lipsiae, apud Heineck et Faber, ex officina Molleriana., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12893715
page(s): 5 [details]
original description (of Limax maximus var. obscurus Moquin-Tandon, 1855) Moquin-Tandon, A. (1855-1856). Histoire naturelle des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de France, Tome premier (1): i-viii, 1-14 + Atlas: 1-16, pl. 1-9 (12 April 1855); (2): 145-256 + Atlas: 17-32, pl. 10-18 (4 May 1855); (3): 257-416 + Atlas: 33-48, pl. 19-27 (1 August 1855). Tome second (4): i-iii, 1-176 + Atlas: 49-64, pl. 28-36 (10 September 1855); (5): 177-368 + Atlas: 65-80, pl. 37-45 (2 January 1856); (6): 369-646 + Atlas: i-iii, 81-92, pl. 46-54 (9 April 1856). Paris (J.-B. Baillière)., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32068638
page(s): 29, Pl. IV, fig. 6. [details]
original description (of Limax maximus var. cellarius Moquin-Tandon, 1855) Moquin-Tandon, A. (1855-1856). Histoire naturelle des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de France, Tome premier (1): i-viii, 1-14 + Atlas: 1-16, pl. 1-9 (12 April 1855); (2): 145-256 + Atlas: 17-32, pl. 10-18 (4 May 1855); (3): 257-416 + Atlas: 33-48, pl. 19-27 (1 August 1855). Tome second (4): i-iii, 1-176 + Atlas: 49-64, pl. 28-36 (10 September 1855); (5): 177-368 + Atlas: 65-80, pl. 37-45 (2 January 1856); (6): 369-646 + Atlas: i-iii, 81-92, pl. 46-54 (9 April 1856). Paris (J.-B. Baillière)., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32068638
page(s): 28 [details]
original description (of Limax sylvaticus Draparnaud, 1805) Draparnaud, J.-P.-R. (1805). Histoire naturelle des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. 2 pp. (Avertissement a sa Majesté l'Impératrice), 2 pp. Rapport, i-viii (Préface), 1-164, pl. 1-13, 1 p. Errata. [< 22 September]. Paris (Levrault & Schoell)., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52682088
page(s): 126, pl. IX, Fig. 10 [details]
context source (MSBIAS) Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. (2023). 2019 The Marine Biological Association of the UK (MBA) Wembury Bioblitz survey. The Archive for Marine Species and Habitats Data (DASSH). , available online at https://portal.medin.org.uk/portal/start.php#details?tpc=010_71a02145fae5466afe757cd48b999ded [details]
basis of record Spencer, H.G., Marshall, B.A. & Willan, R.C. (2009). Checklist of New Zealand living Mollusca. Pp 196-219. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (ed.) New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume one. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> Canterbury University Press, Christchurch. [details]
additional source Herbert, D. & Kilburn, D. (2004). Field guide to the land snails and slugs of eastern South Africa. Pietermaritzburg: Natal Museum. [v] + 336 pp.
page(s): 297 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Barker, G. M. (1999). Naturalised terrestrial Stylommatophora (Mollusca: Gastropoda). <em>Fauna of New Zealand 38: 1-254.</em> [details]
additional source Herbert, D.G. (2010). The introduced terrestrial Mollusca of South Africa. SANBI Biodiversity Series, 15: vi + 108 pp. Pretoria. [SANBI = South African National Biodiversity Institute].
page(s): 72 [details]
additional source Sysoev, A. V. & Schileyko, A. A. (2009). Land snails and slugs of Russia and adjacent countries. <em>Sofia/Moskva (Pensoft).</em> 312 pp., 142 plates. [June] [= Pensoft Series Faunistica No 87].
page(s): 152, Fig. 78A, 85A, B [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Binney, W.G. (1874). On the genitalia and lingual dentition of Pulmonata. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 11: 20-46, plates 1-6., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16076264
page(s): 23 [details]
additional source Bartsch, P. (1904). <i>Limax maximus</i> L. in California. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 18(1): 12., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1817046 [details]
additional source Stearns, R. E. C. (1903). Mollusks ocurring in southern California. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 16(12): 133-134., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1754393#page/165/
page(s): 133 [details]
additional source Vanatta, E. G. (1904). Additional notes on <i>Limax maximus</i> L. in California. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 18(2): 23., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1816990 [details]
additional source Stearns, R. E. C. (1904). <i>Limax maximus</i> and other slugs in California. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 18(3): 34-36., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1817003 [details]
additional source Cockerell, T. D. A. (1905). Massachusetts slugs. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 19(7): 84., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1755584 [details]
additional source Cockerell, T. D. A. (1911). <i>Limax maximus</i> on Nantucket Island. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 25(5): 60., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1818168 [details]
additional source Cockerell, T. D. A. (1915). Slugs in California. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 29(7): 83-84., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1815820 [details]
additional source Branson, B. A. & Peters, L. (1964). <i>Limax maximus</i> and <i>Ferrissia meekiana</i> in Oklahoma. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 77(3): 107-108., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8520401#page/125/ [details]
additional source Dundee, D. S., Hermann, P. W. & Hermann, H. R. (1968). New records for introduced mollusks. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 82(2): 43-45., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8517092 [details]
page(s): 652 [details] Available for editors
[request]original description (of Limax eubalius Bourguignat, 1864) Bourguignat, J.-R. (1864). Malacologie de la Grande-Chartreuse, 1-103, 9 unnumbered pls (panoramic landscapes) + pls 1-8 (duplicate plates: both in b/w and in colour), Paris (F. Savy), available online at https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k990480
page(s): 35, pl. I, fig. 6-8 [details]
original description (of Limacella parma Brard, 1815) Brard, C.-P. (1815). Histoire des coquilles terrestres et fluviatiles qui vivent aux environs de Paris. 1-240 + 1-19, pls. 1-10. J. J. Pashoud, Paris-Geneve.
page(s): 110 [details]
original description (of Limax maculatus Nunneley, 1837) Nunneley, T. (1837). A description of the internal structure of various limaces, found in the neighbourhood of Leeds. <em>Transactions of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society.</em> 1: 41-79.
page(s): 46 [details]
original description (of Krynickillus mamelianus Bourguignat, 1869) Bourguignat, J.-R. (1869). Catalogue des Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles des environs de Paris à l'époque quaternaire. In: Belgrand, F.E. (ed.) Histoire générale de Paris. La Seine. i. Le Bassin Parisien aux âges antéhistoriques. Annexe. Imprimerie Impériale, Paris, 32 pp., 3 pls., available online at https://books.google.fr/books?id=y0P2wxoYXRcC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false
page(s): 4 [details]
original description (of Limax bocagei Castro, 1873) da Silva e Castro, J. (1873). Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles du Portugal. Espèces nouvelles ou peu connues. <em>Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes, Academia real das Sciencias de Lisboa.</em> 15: 241-246. Lisboa.
page(s): 244 [details]
original description (of Limax cinereus O. F. Müller, 1774) Müller, O. F. (1774). Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusorium, Helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. vol 2: I-XXXVI, 1-214, 10 unnumbered pages. Havniae et Lipsiae, apud Heineck et Faber, ex officina Molleriana., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12893715
page(s): 5 [details]
original description (of Limax maximus var. obscurus Moquin-Tandon, 1855) Moquin-Tandon, A. (1855-1856). Histoire naturelle des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de France, Tome premier (1): i-viii, 1-14 + Atlas: 1-16, pl. 1-9 (12 April 1855); (2): 145-256 + Atlas: 17-32, pl. 10-18 (4 May 1855); (3): 257-416 + Atlas: 33-48, pl. 19-27 (1 August 1855). Tome second (4): i-iii, 1-176 + Atlas: 49-64, pl. 28-36 (10 September 1855); (5): 177-368 + Atlas: 65-80, pl. 37-45 (2 January 1856); (6): 369-646 + Atlas: i-iii, 81-92, pl. 46-54 (9 April 1856). Paris (J.-B. Baillière)., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32068638
page(s): 29, Pl. IV, fig. 6. [details]
original description (of Limax maximus var. cellarius Moquin-Tandon, 1855) Moquin-Tandon, A. (1855-1856). Histoire naturelle des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de France, Tome premier (1): i-viii, 1-14 + Atlas: 1-16, pl. 1-9 (12 April 1855); (2): 145-256 + Atlas: 17-32, pl. 10-18 (4 May 1855); (3): 257-416 + Atlas: 33-48, pl. 19-27 (1 August 1855). Tome second (4): i-iii, 1-176 + Atlas: 49-64, pl. 28-36 (10 September 1855); (5): 177-368 + Atlas: 65-80, pl. 37-45 (2 January 1856); (6): 369-646 + Atlas: i-iii, 81-92, pl. 46-54 (9 April 1856). Paris (J.-B. Baillière)., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32068638
page(s): 28 [details]
original description (of Limax sylvaticus Draparnaud, 1805) Draparnaud, J.-P.-R. (1805). Histoire naturelle des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. 2 pp. (Avertissement a sa Majesté l'Impératrice), 2 pp. Rapport, i-viii (Préface), 1-164, pl. 1-13, 1 p. Errata. [< 22 September]. Paris (Levrault & Schoell)., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52682088
page(s): 126, pl. IX, Fig. 10 [details]
context source (MSBIAS) Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. (2023). 2019 The Marine Biological Association of the UK (MBA) Wembury Bioblitz survey. The Archive for Marine Species and Habitats Data (DASSH). , available online at https://portal.medin.org.uk/portal/start.php#details?tpc=010_71a02145fae5466afe757cd48b999ded [details]
basis of record Spencer, H.G., Marshall, B.A. & Willan, R.C. (2009). Checklist of New Zealand living Mollusca. Pp 196-219. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (ed.) New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume one. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> Canterbury University Press, Christchurch. [details]
additional source Herbert, D. & Kilburn, D. (2004). Field guide to the land snails and slugs of eastern South Africa. Pietermaritzburg: Natal Museum. [v] + 336 pp.
page(s): 297 [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Barker, G. M. (1999). Naturalised terrestrial Stylommatophora (Mollusca: Gastropoda). <em>Fauna of New Zealand 38: 1-254.</em> [details]
additional source Herbert, D.G. (2010). The introduced terrestrial Mollusca of South Africa. SANBI Biodiversity Series, 15: vi + 108 pp. Pretoria. [SANBI = South African National Biodiversity Institute].
page(s): 72 [details]
additional source Sysoev, A. V. & Schileyko, A. A. (2009). Land snails and slugs of Russia and adjacent countries. <em>Sofia/Moskva (Pensoft).</em> 312 pp., 142 plates. [June] [= Pensoft Series Faunistica No 87].
page(s): 152, Fig. 78A, 85A, B [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Binney, W.G. (1874). On the genitalia and lingual dentition of Pulmonata. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 11: 20-46, plates 1-6., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16076264
page(s): 23 [details]
additional source Bartsch, P. (1904). <i>Limax maximus</i> L. in California. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 18(1): 12., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1817046 [details]
additional source Stearns, R. E. C. (1903). Mollusks ocurring in southern California. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 16(12): 133-134., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1754393#page/165/
page(s): 133 [details]
additional source Vanatta, E. G. (1904). Additional notes on <i>Limax maximus</i> L. in California. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 18(2): 23., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1816990 [details]
additional source Stearns, R. E. C. (1904). <i>Limax maximus</i> and other slugs in California. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 18(3): 34-36., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1817003 [details]
additional source Cockerell, T. D. A. (1905). Massachusetts slugs. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 19(7): 84., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1755584 [details]
additional source Cockerell, T. D. A. (1911). <i>Limax maximus</i> on Nantucket Island. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 25(5): 60., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1818168 [details]
additional source Cockerell, T. D. A. (1915). Slugs in California. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 29(7): 83-84., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1815820 [details]
additional source Branson, B. A. & Peters, L. (1964). <i>Limax maximus</i> and <i>Ferrissia meekiana</i> in Oklahoma. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 77(3): 107-108., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8520401#page/125/ [details]
additional source Dundee, D. S., Hermann, P. W. & Hermann, H. R. (1968). New records for introduced mollusks. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 82(2): 43-45., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8517092 [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
Syntype (of Limax eubalius Bourguignat, 1864) MHNG-MOLL 102428 [details]
