WoRMS taxon details
Polyplacophora
- Subclass Neoloricata
marine, fresh, terrestrial
recent + fossil
Gray, J. E. (1821). A natural arrangement of Mollusca, according to their internal structure. <em>London Medical Repository.</em> 15 (87): 229–239., available online at https://archive.org/details/s0id11783780/page/229/mode/1up
page(s): 234; note: Established at the rank of order, as a substitute name for Polyplaxiphora. [details]
page(s): 234; note: Established at the rank of order, as a substitute name for Polyplaxiphora. [details]
MolluscaBase eds. (2025). MolluscaBase. Polyplacophora. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=55 on 2025-07-01
Date
action
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2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
created
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Nomenclature
original description
Gray, J. E. (1821). A natural arrangement of Mollusca, according to their internal structure. <em>London Medical Repository.</em> 15 (87): 229–239., available online at https://archive.org/details/s0id11783780/page/229/mode/1up
page(s): 234; note: Established at the rank of order, as a substitute name for Polyplaxiphora. [details]
original description (of Placophora) Ihering, H. von. (1876). Versuch eines natürlichen Systemes der Mollusken. <em>Jahrbucher d. Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft.</em> 3: 97-148. [April]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16296367
page(s): 137; note: original rank as Class of "Phylum Amphineura" (treated as separate from Mollusca) [details]
original description (of Loricata) Schumacher, C. F. (1817). Essai d'un nouveau système des habitations des vers testacés. <em>Schultz, Copenghagen.</em> iv + 288 pp., 22 pls., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81329 [details]
original description (of Polyplaxiphora) Blainville, H.M.D. de. (1816). Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systématique du règne animal. [Prodrome of a new systematic distribution of the animal kingdom.]. <em>Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomatique de Paris.</em> 1816: 105-112 [sic for 113-120] +121-124., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4153426
page(s): 107, 122; note: as class "Polyplaxiphores" (vernacular). [details]
basis of record Gray, J. E. (1821). A natural arrangement of Mollusca, according to their internal structure. <em>London Medical Repository.</em> 15 (87): 229–239., available online at https://archive.org/details/s0id11783780/page/229/mode/1up
page(s): 234 [details]
page(s): 234; note: Established at the rank of order, as a substitute name for Polyplaxiphora. [details]
original description (of Placophora) Ihering, H. von. (1876). Versuch eines natürlichen Systemes der Mollusken. <em>Jahrbucher d. Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft.</em> 3: 97-148. [April]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16296367
page(s): 137; note: original rank as Class of "Phylum Amphineura" (treated as separate from Mollusca) [details]
original description (of Loricata) Schumacher, C. F. (1817). Essai d'un nouveau système des habitations des vers testacés. <em>Schultz, Copenghagen.</em> iv + 288 pp., 22 pls., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81329 [details]
original description (of Polyplaxiphora) Blainville, H.M.D. de. (1816). Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systématique du règne animal. [Prodrome of a new systematic distribution of the animal kingdom.]. <em>Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomatique de Paris.</em> 1816: 105-112 [sic for 113-120] +121-124., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4153426
page(s): 107, 122; note: as class "Polyplaxiphores" (vernacular). [details]
basis of record Gray, J. E. (1821). A natural arrangement of Mollusca, according to their internal structure. <em>London Medical Repository.</em> 15 (87): 229–239., available online at https://archive.org/details/s0id11783780/page/229/mode/1up
page(s): 234 [details]
Other
context source (PeRMS)
Ramírez, R.; Paredes, C.; Arenas, J. (2003). Moluscos del Perú. <em>Revista de Biologia Tropical.</em> 51(supplement 3): 225-284. [details] Available for editors 
[request]
additional source Kaas P. & Van Belle R. A. (1985). Monograph of living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Vol. 1. Order Neoloricata: Lepidopleurina. <i>E. J. Brill/W. Backhuys eds. Leiden 244 pp.</i>: [details]
additional source Kaas P. & Van Belle R. A. (1985). Monograph of living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Vol. 2. Suborder Ischnochitonina. Ischnochitonidae: Schizoplacinae, Callochitoninae & Lepidochitoninae. E. J. Brill/W. Backhuys eds. Leiden, 198 pp. [details]
additional source Kaas P. & Van Belle R. A. (1987). Monograph of living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Vol. 3: Suborder Ischnochitonina. Ischnochitonidae: Chaetopleurinae, & Ischnochitonidae (pars). Additions to Vols 1 & 2.. <i>* E. J. Brill/W. Backhuys eds. Leiden 302 pp.</i>: [details]
additional source Kaas P. & Van Belle R. A. (1990). Monograph of living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Vol. 4. Suborder Ischnochitonina. Ischnochitonidae: Ischnochitoninae (continued). Additions to Vols 1, 2 and 3. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 298 p. [details]
additional source Kaas P. & Van Belle R. A. (1994). Monograph of living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Vol. 5. Suborder Ischnochitonina. Ischnochitonidae: Ischnochitoninae (concluded), Callistoplacinae; Mopaliidae. Additions to Volumes 1-4. <em>E. J. Brill, Leiden.</em> 402 pp. [details]
additional source Kaas, P. & Van Belle, R. A. (1998). Catalogue of living chitons (Mollusca, Polyplacophora). second, revised edition. 1-204; Backhyus Publishers Leiden. [details]
additional source Kaas P., Van Belle R.A. & Strack H. 2006. Monograph of living chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacaphora); volume 6: Suborder Ischnochitonina (concluded); Schizochitonidae & Chitonidae, additions to volumes 1-5. Brill, Leiden, 464 pp., available online at https://books.google.com/books?id=ltD7EAAAQBAJ [details]
additional source Blainville, H.M.D. de. (1816). Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systématique du règne animal. [Prodrome of a new systematic distribution of the animal kingdom.]. <em>Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomatique de Paris.</em> 1816: 105-112 [sic for 113-120] +121-124., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4153426
page(s): 107, 122; note: as "Polyplaxiphores" [details]
additional source Bergenhayn J. R. M. (1955). Die fossilen schwedischen Loricaten nebst einer vorlafigen Revision der ganzen Klasse Loricata. <i>Kungliga Fysiografiska Sallskapets Handlingar, Lund N.F. 66(8)</i>: 1-44 pl. 1-2 [details]
[request]additional source Kaas P. & Van Belle R. A. (1985). Monograph of living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Vol. 1. Order Neoloricata: Lepidopleurina. <i>E. J. Brill/W. Backhuys eds. Leiden 244 pp.</i>: [details]
additional source Kaas P. & Van Belle R. A. (1985). Monograph of living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Vol. 2. Suborder Ischnochitonina. Ischnochitonidae: Schizoplacinae, Callochitoninae & Lepidochitoninae. E. J. Brill/W. Backhuys eds. Leiden, 198 pp. [details]
additional source Kaas P. & Van Belle R. A. (1987). Monograph of living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Vol. 3: Suborder Ischnochitonina. Ischnochitonidae: Chaetopleurinae, & Ischnochitonidae (pars). Additions to Vols 1 & 2.. <i>* E. J. Brill/W. Backhuys eds. Leiden 302 pp.</i>: [details]
additional source Kaas P. & Van Belle R. A. (1990). Monograph of living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Vol. 4. Suborder Ischnochitonina. Ischnochitonidae: Ischnochitoninae (continued). Additions to Vols 1, 2 and 3. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 298 p. [details]
additional source Kaas P. & Van Belle R. A. (1994). Monograph of living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Vol. 5. Suborder Ischnochitonina. Ischnochitonidae: Ischnochitoninae (concluded), Callistoplacinae; Mopaliidae. Additions to Volumes 1-4. <em>E. J. Brill, Leiden.</em> 402 pp. [details]
additional source Kaas, P. & Van Belle, R. A. (1998). Catalogue of living chitons (Mollusca, Polyplacophora). second, revised edition. 1-204; Backhyus Publishers Leiden. [details]
additional source Kaas P., Van Belle R.A. & Strack H. 2006. Monograph of living chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacaphora); volume 6: Suborder Ischnochitonina (concluded); Schizochitonidae & Chitonidae, additions to volumes 1-5. Brill, Leiden, 464 pp., available online at https://books.google.com/books?id=ltD7EAAAQBAJ [details]
additional source Blainville, H.M.D. de. (1816). Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systématique du règne animal. [Prodrome of a new systematic distribution of the animal kingdom.]. <em>Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomatique de Paris.</em> 1816: 105-112 [sic for 113-120] +121-124., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4153426
page(s): 107, 122; note: as "Polyplaxiphores" [details]
additional source Bergenhayn J. R. M. (1955). Die fossilen schwedischen Loricaten nebst einer vorlafigen Revision der ganzen Klasse Loricata. <i>Kungliga Fysiografiska Sallskapets Handlingar, Lund N.F. 66(8)</i>: 1-44 pl. 1-2 [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
Classification Classification of chitons based on the conclusions of Okusu et al. 2003: Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 3, 281-302, mostly where supporting morphological conclusions of Sirenko 1993: Ruthenica 3, 97-117 (otherwise this molecular dataset does strange things with the outgroups and thus may not be taken as the basis for drastic changes in classification). [details]
