WoRMS taxon details
Penicillidae J. E. Gray, 1858
518819 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:518819)
accepted
Family
Aspergillidae Burmeister, 1837 · unaccepted (nomen oblitum)
Brechitinae Stoliczka, 1870 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Humphreyiidae J. E. Gray, 1858 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
- Genus Brechites Guettard, 1770
- Genus Foegia Gray, 1842
- Genus Humphreyia J. E. Gray, 1858
- Genus Kendrickiana B. Morton, 2004
- Genus Nipponoclava B. J. Smith, 1976
- Genus Verpa Röding, 1798
- Genus Aquaria G. Perry, 1811 accepted as Penicillus Bruguière, 1789 accepted as Verpa Röding, 1798 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Genus Arytene J. E. Gray, 1858 accepted as Verpa Röding, 1798 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Genus Penicillus Bruguière, 1789 accepted as Verpa Röding, 1798 (Invalid: junior homonym of Penicillus Guettard, 1770 [Polychaeta])
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
Gray, J.E. (1858). On the families of Aspergillidae, Gastrochaenidae and Humphreyiadae. <em>Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.</em> 26: 307-318., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32271839
page(s): 312; note: as Penicillina [details]
page(s): 312; note: as Penicillina [details]
Taxonomy In his overview paper, Morton (2007) separated off a family Penicillidae for Penicillus, Brechites, Foegia, Nipponoclava,...
Taxonomy In his overview paper, Morton (2007) separated off a family Penicillidae for Penicillus, Brechites, Foegia, Nipponoclava, Kendrickiana and Humphreyia, from the Clavagellidae containing the extinct genus Clavagella and the extant genera Dacosta, Bryopa, Dianadema and Stirpulina. The tube or "crypt" in which these taxa live in the sediment, or attached to shells, etc., is formed in quite different ways in the two families, and Morton (2007) suggested that they evolved from distinct lyonsiid ancestors. This view is disregarded by Huber (2010) who finds this splitting exaggerated and considers all the Clavagellidae sensu Morton (2007) as subgenera of Clavagella Lamarck, 1818. [details]
MolluscaBase eds. (2025). MolluscaBase. Penicillidae J. E. Gray, 1858. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=518819 on 2025-04-02
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Nomenclature
original description
Gray, J.E. (1858). On the families of Aspergillidae, Gastrochaenidae and Humphreyiadae. <em>Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.</em> 26: 307-318., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32271839
page(s): 312; note: as Penicillina [details]
original description (of Aspergillidae Burmeister, 1837) Burmeister, Hermann. (1837). <em>Handbuch der Naturgeschichte. Zum Gebrauch bei Vorlesungen. Zweite Abtheilung: Zoologie.</em>. <em>[book].</em> xii + pp. 858 [Zoology 369-858] T.C.F. Enslin, Berlin., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/46857365
page(s): 490; note: as family Aspergillina [details]
original description (of Humphreyiidae J. E. Gray, 1858) Gray, J.E. (1858). On the structure of <i>Humphreyia</i>, an anomalous bivalve shell, hitherto confounded with <i>Aspergillum</i>. <em>Annals and Magazine of Natural History.</em> ser. 3, 2(7): 16-20., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18658917
page(s): 18; note: original spelling Humphreyiadae [details]
original description (of Brechitinae Stoliczka, 1870) Stoliczka, F. (1870-1871). The Pelecypoda, with a review of all known genera of this class, fossil and recent. In: T. Oldham, <i>Paleontologia Indica, being figures and descriptions of the organic remains procured during the progress of the Geological Survey of India. Cretaceous Fauna of Southern India. Volume 3</i>. <em>Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Calcutta.</em> i-xxii, 1-537, pls 1-50 [pp. 1-222, pl. 1-12 - 1870; pp. i-xxii, 223—537, pl. 23-50 - 1871]., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110955
page(s): 8b, 28 [details]
basis of record Morton, B. (2007). The evolution of the watering pot shells (Bivalvia, Anomalodesmata: Clavagellidae and Penicillidae). <em>Records of the Western Australian Museum.</em> 24 (1): 19-64., available online at https://doi.org/10.18195/issn.0312-3162.24(1).2007.019-064 [details]
basis of record Morton, B. & Machado, F.M. (2021). The origins, relationships, evolution and conservation of the weirdest marine bivalves: The watering pot shells. A review. <em>Advances in Marine Biology.</em> 88: 137-220., available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.amb.2021.03.001 [details]
page(s): 312; note: as Penicillina [details]
original description (of Aspergillidae Burmeister, 1837) Burmeister, Hermann. (1837). <em>Handbuch der Naturgeschichte. Zum Gebrauch bei Vorlesungen. Zweite Abtheilung: Zoologie.</em>. <em>[book].</em> xii + pp. 858 [Zoology 369-858] T.C.F. Enslin, Berlin., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/46857365
page(s): 490; note: as family Aspergillina [details]
original description (of Humphreyiidae J. E. Gray, 1858) Gray, J.E. (1858). On the structure of <i>Humphreyia</i>, an anomalous bivalve shell, hitherto confounded with <i>Aspergillum</i>. <em>Annals and Magazine of Natural History.</em> ser. 3, 2(7): 16-20., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18658917
page(s): 18; note: original spelling Humphreyiadae [details]
original description (of Brechitinae Stoliczka, 1870) Stoliczka, F. (1870-1871). The Pelecypoda, with a review of all known genera of this class, fossil and recent. In: T. Oldham, <i>Paleontologia Indica, being figures and descriptions of the organic remains procured during the progress of the Geological Survey of India. Cretaceous Fauna of Southern India. Volume 3</i>. <em>Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Calcutta.</em> i-xxii, 1-537, pls 1-50 [pp. 1-222, pl. 1-12 - 1870; pp. i-xxii, 223—537, pl. 23-50 - 1871]., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110955
page(s): 8b, 28 [details]
basis of record Morton, B. (2007). The evolution of the watering pot shells (Bivalvia, Anomalodesmata: Clavagellidae and Penicillidae). <em>Records of the Western Australian Museum.</em> 24 (1): 19-64., available online at https://doi.org/10.18195/issn.0312-3162.24(1).2007.019-064 [details]
basis of record Morton, B. & Machado, F.M. (2021). The origins, relationships, evolution and conservation of the weirdest marine bivalves: The watering pot shells. A review. <em>Advances in Marine Biology.</em> 88: 137-220., available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.amb.2021.03.001 [details]
From editor or global species database
Taxonomy In his overview paper, Morton (2007) separated off a family Penicillidae for Penicillus, Brechites, Foegia, Nipponoclava, Kendrickiana and Humphreyia, from the Clavagellidae containing the extinct genus Clavagella and the extant genera Dacosta, Bryopa, Dianadema and Stirpulina. The tube or "crypt" in which these taxa live in the sediment, or attached to shells, etc., is formed in quite different ways in the two families, and Morton (2007) suggested that they evolved from distinct lyonsiid ancestors. This view is disregarded by Huber (2010) who finds this splitting exaggerated and considers all the Clavagellidae sensu Morton (2007) as subgenera of Clavagella Lamarck, 1818. [details]
