WoRMS name details
Bulla ficus (Linnaeus, 1758)
414650 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:414650)
unaccepted > superseded combination
Species
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
recent + fossil
(of Murex ficus Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. <em>Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae.</em> , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886
page(s): 752 [details] Available for editors
[request]
page(s): 752 [details] Available for editors
[request]
Homonymy Specific use of the name Bulla ficus (Linnaeus, 1758):
- Born (1778:190; 1780:204) clearly intends to follow Linnaeus and to...
Nomenclature The species referred to by Linnaeus (1767) as Bulla ficus was referred to by:
- Martini (1777 Syst. Conch. Cab. III p. 22...
- Born (1778:190; 1780:204) clearly intends to follow Linnaeus and to...
Homonymy Specific use of the name Bulla ficus (Linnaeus, 1758):
- Born (1778:190; 1780:204) clearly intends to follow Linnaeus and to list Linnaeus' species. However, his own specimen - present in NHMW, Vienna (Born collection) Reg. No. 14185 - is a specimen of Ficus papyratia (Say, 1822) (sensu Verhaeghe & Poppe, 2000).
- Lightfoot (1786 p. 44, n. 1051; p. 67, n. 1503, p. 91, n. 1503, p. 105, n. 2307; p. 137, n. 3059; p. 139, n. 3096; p. 139, n. 3120; p. 155, n. 3394; p.167, n. 3618) lists "Bulla ficus L.". From the comments however can be derived that more than one species of Ficus (as currently perceived) was present in the collection of the Dutchess Dowager of Portland.
- Davies (in Pennant, 1791 Ind. Zool. Ed. 2. p. 150) provides a single reference to the image of Rumphius, which can be interpreted as Ficus variegata Röding, 1798 (sensu Verhaeghe & Poppe, 2000), which could lead to consideration of Davies' interpretation as synonymous with the latter and homonymous with Bulla ficus (Linnaeus, 1758).
- Gmelin (1791 Syst. Nat., ed. 13, p. 3426, nr. 14) also lists 4 varieties of Bulla ficus (bèta, gamma, delta, èta) yet these all seem to belong to species of Busycon and Volema according to image references to Martini, Lister, Seba, Klein and Schröter.
- Gmelin (1791 Syst. Nat., ed. 13, p. 3545, nr. 66) also lists Murex ficus including two varieties (bète and gamma). All three refer to species of Volema (also see Murex ficus Gmelin, 1791 = Volema pyrum (Gmelin, 1791).) [details]
- Born (1778:190; 1780:204) clearly intends to follow Linnaeus and to list Linnaeus' species. However, his own specimen - present in NHMW, Vienna (Born collection) Reg. No. 14185 - is a specimen of Ficus papyratia (Say, 1822) (sensu Verhaeghe & Poppe, 2000).
- Lightfoot (1786 p. 44, n. 1051; p. 67, n. 1503, p. 91, n. 1503, p. 105, n. 2307; p. 137, n. 3059; p. 139, n. 3096; p. 139, n. 3120; p. 155, n. 3394; p.167, n. 3618) lists "Bulla ficus L.". From the comments however can be derived that more than one species of Ficus (as currently perceived) was present in the collection of the Dutchess Dowager of Portland.
- Davies (in Pennant, 1791 Ind. Zool. Ed. 2. p. 150) provides a single reference to the image of Rumphius, which can be interpreted as Ficus variegata Röding, 1798 (sensu Verhaeghe & Poppe, 2000), which could lead to consideration of Davies' interpretation as synonymous with the latter and homonymous with Bulla ficus (Linnaeus, 1758).
- Gmelin (1791 Syst. Nat., ed. 13, p. 3426, nr. 14) also lists 4 varieties of Bulla ficus (bèta, gamma, delta, èta) yet these all seem to belong to species of Busycon and Volema according to image references to Martini, Lister, Seba, Klein and Schröter.
- Gmelin (1791 Syst. Nat., ed. 13, p. 3545, nr. 66) also lists Murex ficus including two varieties (bète and gamma). All three refer to species of Volema (also see Murex ficus Gmelin, 1791 = Volema pyrum (Gmelin, 1791).) [details]
Nomenclature The species referred to by Linnaeus (1767) as Bulla ficus was referred to by:
- Martini (1777 Syst. Conch. Cab. III p. 22...
Nomenclature The species referred to by Linnaeus (1767) as Bulla ficus was referred to by:
- Martini (1777 Syst. Conch. Cab. III p. 22 - 24; pl. 66, Figs 734-735) under the descriptive name "Ficus maculata & fasciata". Despite Martini's drawings - which appear to be Ficus variagata Röging, 1798 (sensu Verhaeghe & Poppe, 2000)- it can be concluded from Martini's references that he had the Linnean species in mind.
- Schröter (in Martini, 1788 Vollst. Namen. p. 17 (Bulla); p. 35 (Ficus)) listing a number of descriptive words from Martini and Chemnitz volumes, some of which are in relation to Ficidae, others to Muricidae or Melongenidae, and often occur in references to pre-Linnean works. [details]
- Martini (1777 Syst. Conch. Cab. III p. 22 - 24; pl. 66, Figs 734-735) under the descriptive name "Ficus maculata & fasciata". Despite Martini's drawings - which appear to be Ficus variagata Röging, 1798 (sensu Verhaeghe & Poppe, 2000)- it can be concluded from Martini's references that he had the Linnean species in mind.
- Schröter (in Martini, 1788 Vollst. Namen. p. 17 (Bulla); p. 35 (Ficus)) listing a number of descriptive words from Martini and Chemnitz volumes, some of which are in relation to Ficidae, others to Muricidae or Melongenidae, and often occur in references to pre-Linnean works. [details]
MolluscaBase eds. (2024). MolluscaBase. Bulla ficus (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=414650 on 2024-11-21
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original description
(of Murex ficus Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. <em>Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae.</em> , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886
page(s): 752 [details] Available for editors [request]
basis of record Linnaeus, C. (1767). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Ed. 12. 1., Regnum Animale. 1 & 2. <em>Holmiae [Stockholm], Laurentii Salvii.</em> pp. 1-532 [1766] pp. 533-1327 [1767]., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83650#5
page(s): 1184 [details]
additional source Gmelin, J. F. (1791). Vermes. In: Gmelin J.F. (Ed.) Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Ed. 13. Tome 1(6). G.E. Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig]. pp. 3021-3910. <em>Systema Naturae. Linneaeus (ed.). Ed. 13.</em> 1: pars. 6., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83098#5
page(s): 3426 [details]
additional source Born, I. Von. (1778). Index rerum naturalium Musei Cæsarei Vindobonensis. Pars I.ma. Testacea. Verzeichniß der natürlichen Seltenheiten des k. k. Naturalien Cabinets zu Wien. Erster Theil. Schalthiere. [1-40], 1-458, [1-82]. Vindobonae [Vienna]; (Kraus)., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43890
page(s): 190-191 [details]
additional source Born, I. Von. (1780). Testacea Musei Cæsarei Vindobonensis, quæ jussu Mariæ Theresiæ Augustæ disposuit et descripsit. - pp. I-XXXVI [= 1-13], 1-442, Tab. 1-18. Vindobonæ [Vienna]. (Kraus). , available online at http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?PPN574450726
page(s): 204-205 [details]
additional source Lightfoot, J. (1786). A Catalogue of the Portland Museum, lately the property of the Dutchess Dowager of Portland, deceased; which will be sold by auction by Mr. Skinner & Co. <em>[book].</em> London. viii + 194 pp., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43259464
page(s): p. 44, n. 1051; p. 67, n. 1503, p. 91, n. 1503, p. 105, n. 2307; p. 137, n. 3059; p. 139, n. 3096; p. 139, n. 3120; p. 155, n. 3394; p.167, n. 3618 [details]
additional source Houttuyn, M. (1771). Natuurlyke historie of uitvoerige beschryving der dieren, planten en mineraalen, volgens het samenstel van den Heer Linnæus. Met naauwkeurige afbeeldingen. Eerste deels, zestiende stuk. De hoorens. <em>Amsterdam (erven van F. Houttuyn).</em> pp. [1-4], 1-629, Pl. CXX-CXXV [= 120-125]., available online at http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/home/reference?id=4560
page(s): 128-129 [details]
additional source Müller, P. L. S. (1775) Des Ritters Carl von Linné (...) vollständiges Natursystem nach der zwölften lateinischen Ausgabe und nach Anleitung des holländischen Houttuynischen Werks mit einer ausführlichen Erklärung. Sechster Theil. Von den Würmern. Erster Band. Nebst neunzehn Kupfertafeln. - pp. [1-15], 1-638, Tab. 1-19. Nürnberg. (Raspe)., available online at http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/home/reference?id=4508
page(s): 410 [details]
additional source Martini, F. H. W. (1777) Neues systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet. Nach der Natur gezeichnet und mit lebendigen Farben erleuchtet. III. Band. - pp. [1-4], [I-IV [= 1-4], 1-434, [1-4], Tab. LXVI-CXXI [= 66-121]. Nürnberg. (Raspe). , available online at http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/home/reference?id=2729
page(s): 22 [details]
additional source Schröter, J. S. (1783). Einleitung in die Conchylienkenntniß nach Linné. Erster Band, von den Schnecken. pp. i-xxxii, 1-860, [1-2], pls 1-3. Johan Jacob Gebauer, Halle. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50636804
page(s): 177-179 [details]
additional source Davies, H. <i>in</i> Pennant, T. (1791) Indian Zoology. Second edition. London :Printed by Henry Hughs, for Robert Faulder,1790. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/44872#/summary
page(s): 150 [details]
page(s): 752 [details] Available for editors
[request]basis of record Linnaeus, C. (1767). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Ed. 12. 1., Regnum Animale. 1 & 2. <em>Holmiae [Stockholm], Laurentii Salvii.</em> pp. 1-532 [1766] pp. 533-1327 [1767]., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83650#5
page(s): 1184 [details]
additional source Gmelin, J. F. (1791). Vermes. In: Gmelin J.F. (Ed.) Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Ed. 13. Tome 1(6). G.E. Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig]. pp. 3021-3910. <em>Systema Naturae. Linneaeus (ed.). Ed. 13.</em> 1: pars. 6., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83098#5
page(s): 3426 [details]
additional source Born, I. Von. (1778). Index rerum naturalium Musei Cæsarei Vindobonensis. Pars I.ma. Testacea. Verzeichniß der natürlichen Seltenheiten des k. k. Naturalien Cabinets zu Wien. Erster Theil. Schalthiere. [1-40], 1-458, [1-82]. Vindobonae [Vienna]; (Kraus)., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43890
page(s): 190-191 [details]
additional source Born, I. Von. (1780). Testacea Musei Cæsarei Vindobonensis, quæ jussu Mariæ Theresiæ Augustæ disposuit et descripsit. - pp. I-XXXVI [= 1-13], 1-442, Tab. 1-18. Vindobonæ [Vienna]. (Kraus). , available online at http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?PPN574450726
page(s): 204-205 [details]
additional source Lightfoot, J. (1786). A Catalogue of the Portland Museum, lately the property of the Dutchess Dowager of Portland, deceased; which will be sold by auction by Mr. Skinner & Co. <em>[book].</em> London. viii + 194 pp., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43259464
page(s): p. 44, n. 1051; p. 67, n. 1503, p. 91, n. 1503, p. 105, n. 2307; p. 137, n. 3059; p. 139, n. 3096; p. 139, n. 3120; p. 155, n. 3394; p.167, n. 3618 [details]
additional source Houttuyn, M. (1771). Natuurlyke historie of uitvoerige beschryving der dieren, planten en mineraalen, volgens het samenstel van den Heer Linnæus. Met naauwkeurige afbeeldingen. Eerste deels, zestiende stuk. De hoorens. <em>Amsterdam (erven van F. Houttuyn).</em> pp. [1-4], 1-629, Pl. CXX-CXXV [= 120-125]., available online at http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/home/reference?id=4560
page(s): 128-129 [details]
additional source Müller, P. L. S. (1775) Des Ritters Carl von Linné (...) vollständiges Natursystem nach der zwölften lateinischen Ausgabe und nach Anleitung des holländischen Houttuynischen Werks mit einer ausführlichen Erklärung. Sechster Theil. Von den Würmern. Erster Band. Nebst neunzehn Kupfertafeln. - pp. [1-15], 1-638, Tab. 1-19. Nürnberg. (Raspe)., available online at http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/home/reference?id=4508
page(s): 410 [details]
additional source Martini, F. H. W. (1777) Neues systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet. Nach der Natur gezeichnet und mit lebendigen Farben erleuchtet. III. Band. - pp. [1-4], [I-IV [= 1-4], 1-434, [1-4], Tab. LXVI-CXXI [= 66-121]. Nürnberg. (Raspe). , available online at http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/home/reference?id=2729
page(s): 22 [details]
additional source Schröter, J. S. (1783). Einleitung in die Conchylienkenntniß nach Linné. Erster Band, von den Schnecken. pp. i-xxxii, 1-860, [1-2], pls 1-3. Johan Jacob Gebauer, Halle. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50636804
page(s): 177-179 [details]
additional source Davies, H. <i>in</i> Pennant, T. (1791) Indian Zoology. Second edition. London :Printed by Henry Hughs, for Robert Faulder,1790. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/44872#/summary
page(s): 150 [details]
Nontype NHMW 14185 [details]
Unreviewed
Homonymy Specific use of the name Bulla ficus (Linnaeus, 1758):- Born (1778:190; 1780:204) clearly intends to follow Linnaeus and to list Linnaeus' species. However, his own specimen - present in NHMW, Vienna (Born collection) Reg. No. 14185 - is a specimen of Ficus papyratia (Say, 1822) (sensu Verhaeghe & Poppe, 2000).
- Lightfoot (1786 p. 44, n. 1051; p. 67, n. 1503, p. 91, n. 1503, p. 105, n. 2307; p. 137, n. 3059; p. 139, n. 3096; p. 139, n. 3120; p. 155, n. 3394; p.167, n. 3618) lists "Bulla ficus L.". From the comments however can be derived that more than one species of Ficus (as currently perceived) was present in the collection of the Dutchess Dowager of Portland.
- Davies (in Pennant, 1791 Ind. Zool. Ed. 2. p. 150) provides a single reference to the image of Rumphius, which can be interpreted as Ficus variegata Röding, 1798 (sensu Verhaeghe & Poppe, 2000), which could lead to consideration of Davies' interpretation as synonymous with the latter and homonymous with Bulla ficus (Linnaeus, 1758).
- Gmelin (1791 Syst. Nat., ed. 13, p. 3426, nr. 14) also lists 4 varieties of Bulla ficus (bèta, gamma, delta, èta) yet these all seem to belong to species of Busycon and Volema according to image references to Martini, Lister, Seba, Klein and Schröter.
- Gmelin (1791 Syst. Nat., ed. 13, p. 3545, nr. 66) also lists Murex ficus including two varieties (bète and gamma). All three refer to species of Volema (also see Murex ficus Gmelin, 1791 = Volema pyrum (Gmelin, 1791).) [details]
Nomenclature The species referred to by Linnaeus (1767) as Bulla ficus was referred to by:
- Martini (1777 Syst. Conch. Cab. III p. 22 - 24; pl. 66, Figs 734-735) under the descriptive name "Ficus maculata & fasciata". Despite Martini's drawings - which appear to be Ficus variagata Röging, 1798 (sensu Verhaeghe & Poppe, 2000)- it can be concluded from Martini's references that he had the Linnean species in mind.
- Schröter (in Martini, 1788 Vollst. Namen. p. 17 (Bulla); p. 35 (Ficus)) listing a number of descriptive words from Martini and Chemnitz volumes, some of which are in relation to Ficidae, others to Muricidae or Melongenidae, and often occur in references to pre-Linnean works. [details]
