WoRMS taxon details

Turris Batsch, 1789

153926  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:153926)

  1. Biota
  2. Animalia (Kingdom)
  3. Mollusca (Phylum)
  4. Gastropoda (Class)
  5. Caenogastropoda (Subclass)
  6. Neogastropoda (Order)
  7. Conoidea (Superfamily)
  8. Turridae (Family)
  9. Turris (Genus)
accepted
Genus
Murex babylonius Linnaeus, 1758 accepted as Turris babylonia (Linnaeus, 1758) (type by subsequent designation)
Mitra (Turris) Batsch, 1789 · unaccepted > superseded rank
Pleurotoma Lamarck, 1799 · unaccepted > junior objective synonym
Pleurotoma (Eucheilodon) Gabb, 1860 † · alternative representation
Turris (Pleurotoma) Lamarck, 1799 · unaccepted > superseded rank

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Children Display

  1. Species Turris ambages Barnard, 1958
  2. Species Turris babylonia (Linnaeus, 1758)
  3. Species Turris bipartita Kilburn, Fedosov & B. M. Olivera, 2012
  4. Species Turris chaldaea Kilburn, Fedosov & B. M. Olivera, 2012
  5. Species Turris condei Vera-Peláez, Vega-Luz & Lozano-Francisco, 2000
  6. Species Turris crispa (Lamarck, 1816)
  7. Species Turris garnonsii (Reeve, 1843)
  8. Species Turris grandis (Gray, 1833)
  9. Species Turris guidopoppei Kilburn, Fedosov & B. M. Olivera, 2012
  10. Species Turris hidalgoi Vera-Peláez, Vega-Luz & Lozano-Francisco, 2000
  11. Species Turris intercancellata Kilburn, Fedosov & B. M. Olivera, 2012
  12. Species Turris intricata A. W. B. Powell, 1964
  13. Species Turris normandavidsoni B. M. Olivera, 2000
  14. Species Turris spectabilis (Reeve, 1843)
  15. Species Turris venusta (Reeve, 1843)
  16. Species Turris yeddoensis (Jousseaume, 1883)
  17. Subgenus Turris (Annulaturris) A. W. B. Powell, 1966 accepted as Annulaturris A. W. B. Powell, 1966 (unaccepted > superseded rank)
  18. Subgenus Turris (Antiplanes) Dall, 1902 accepted as Antiplanes Dall, 1902 (unaccepted combination)
    1. Species Turris (Antiplanes) diaulax Dall, 1908 accepted as Rhodopetoma diaulax (Dall, 1908) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  19. Subgenus Turris (Bela) Leach, 1847 accepted as Bela Leach, 1847 (unaccepted > superseded rank)
    1. Subgenus Turris (Borsonella) Dall, 1908 accepted as Borsonella Dall, 1908 (original rank)
    2. Subgenus Turris (Crassispira) Swainson, 1840 accepted as Crassispira Swainson, 1840 (unaccepted > superseded rank)
      1. Species Turris (Crassispira) rugitecta Dall, 1918 accepted as Crassispira rugitecta (Dall, 1918) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    3. Subgenus Turris (Drillia) J. E. Gray, 1838 accepted as Drillia J. E. Gray, 1838 (unaccepted > superseded rank)
      1. Species Turris (Drillia) gibbosa (Kiener, 1839) accepted as Pleurotoma gibbosa Kiener, 1839 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
      2. Species Turris (Drillia) militaris (Reeve, 1843) accepted as Hindsiclava militaris (Reeve, 1843) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    4. Subgenus Turris (Fusiturris) Thiele, 1929 accepted as Fusiturris Thiele, 1929 (original rank)
      1. Subgenus Turris (Gemmula) Weinkauff, 1875 accepted as Gemmula Weinkauff, 1875
        1. Species Turris (Gemmula) granosa (Helbling, 1779) accepted as Gemmula granosa (Helbling, 1779) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
        2. Species Turris (Gemmula) husamaru Nomura, 1940 accepted as Gemmula husamaru (Nomura, 1940) accepted as Turris husamaru Nomura, 1940 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
        3. Species Turris (Gemmula) koolhoveni Oostingh, 1938 accepted as Unedogemmula koolhoveni (Oostingh, 1938)
        4. Species Turris (Gemmula) multiseriata (E. A. Smith, 1877) accepted as Epideira multiseriata (E. A. Smith, 1877)
        5. Species Turris (Gemmula) pseudogranosa Nomura, 1940 accepted as Pseudogemmula pseudogranosa (Nomura, 1940) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
      2. Subgenus Turris (Micropleurotoma) Thiele, 1929 accepted as Micropleurotoma Thiele, 1929 (unaccepted > superseded rank)
      3. Subgenus Turris (Oxytropa) Glibert, 1955 accepted as Polystira Woodring, 1928
      4. Subgenus Turris (Pleurotoma) Lamarck, 1799 accepted as Turris Batsch, 1789 (unaccepted > superseded rank)
        1. Subgenus Turris (Surcula) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 accepted as Turricula Schumacher, 1817
          1. Species Turris (Surcula) armilda Dall, 1908 accepted as Fusiturricula armilda (Dall, 1908) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          2. Species Turris (Surcula) dolenta Dall, 1908 accepted as Fusiturricula armilda (Dall, 1908) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
          3. Species Turris (Surcula) dotella Dall, 1908 accepted as Hindsiclava militaris (Reeve, 1843) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
          4. Species Turris (Surcula) fusinella Dall, 1908 accepted as Fusiturricula armilda (Dall, 1908) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
          5. Species Turris (Surcula) halcyonis Dall, 1908 accepted as Ophiodermella inermis (Reeve, 1843) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
          6. Species Turris (Surcula) macella Melvill, 1923 accepted as Agladrillia macella (Melvill, 1923) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          7. Species Turris (Surcula) notilla Dall, 1908 accepted as Hindsiclava militaris (Reeve, 1843) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
          8. Species Turris (Surcula) resina Dall, 1908 accepted as Hindsiclava resina (Dall, 1908) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          9. Species Turris (Surcula) virgo (Lamarck, 1816) accepted as Polystira albida (G. Perry, 1811) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
        2. Subgenus Turris (Turris) Batsch, 1789 accepted as Turris Batsch, 1789
          1. Species Turris abbreviata (Reeve, 1843) accepted as Lophiotoma abbreviata (Reeve, 1843)
          2. Species Turris abyssorum (Locard, 1897) accepted as Gymnobela abyssorum (Locard, 1897)
          3. Species Turris acuta (Perry, 1811) accepted as Lophiotoma acuta (G. Perry, 1811)
          4. Species Turris aelomitra Tinker, 1952 accepted as Gemmula monilifera (Pease, 1860) accepted as Eugemmula monilifera (Pease, 1860) (unaccepted > unavailable name, a name found in collections only)
          5. Species Turris albida (G. Perry, 1811) accepted as Polystira albida (G. Perry, 1811) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          6. Species Turris amicta (E. A. Smith, 1877) accepted as Annulaturris amicta (E. A. Smith, 1877) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          7. Species Turris ankaramanyensis Bozzetti, 2006 accepted as Turris tanyspira Kilburn, 1975 accepted as Annulaturris tanyspira (Kilburn, 1975)
          8. Species Turris annulata (Reeve, 1843) accepted as Annulaturris annulata (Reeve, 1843) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          9. Species Turris armilda Dall, 1908 accepted as Fusiturricula armilda (Dall, 1908) (superseded combination)
          10. Species Turris assyria B. M. Olivera, Seronay & Fedosov, 2010 accepted as Turris babylonia (Linnaeus, 1758)
          11. Species Turris binda Garrard, 1961 accepted as Unedogemmula unedo (Kiener, 1839) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
          12. Species Turris brevicanalis (Kuroda & Oyama, 1971) accepted as Annulaturris brevicanalis Kuroda & Oyama, 1971 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          13. Species Turris cincta (Lamarck, 1822) accepted as Turridrupa cincta (Lamarck, 1822)
          14. Species Turris cingulifera (Lamarck, 1822) accepted as Iotyrris cingulifera (Lamarck, 1822) accepted as Xenuroturris cingulifera (Lamarck, 1822) (superseded combination)
          15. Species Turris clausifossata Kilburn, Fedosov & B. M. Olivera, 2012 accepted as Annulaturris clausifossata (Kilburn, Fedosov & B. M. Olivera, 2012) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          16. Species Turris clionellaeformis (Weinkauff, 1876) accepted as Drillia clionellaeformis (Weinkauff, 1876) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          17. Species Turris cosmoi Sykes, 1930 accepted as Oliveragemmula cosmoi (Sykes, 1930) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          18. Species Turris cristata Vera-Peláez, Vega-Luz & Lozano-Francisco, 2000 accepted as Annulaturris cristata (Vera-Peláez, Vega-Luz & Lozano-Francisco, 2000) (unaccepted > superseded combination, invalid; unreplaced junior homonym of Turris cristata Gabb, 1860)
          19. Species Turris cryptorrhaphe (G. B. Sowerby I, 1825) accepted as Purpuraturris cryptorraphe (G. B. Sowerby I, 1825) accepted as Annulaturris cryptorraphe (G. B. Sowerby I, 1825) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          20. Species Turris diaulax Dall, 1908 accepted as Rhodopetoma diaulax (Dall, 1908) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          21. Species Turris dollyae B. M. Olivera, 1999 accepted as Turris crispa (Lamarck, 1816)
          22. Species Turris faleiroi Kilburn, 1998 accepted as Annulaturris faleiroi (Kilburn, 1998) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          23. Species Turris formosissima E. A. Smith, 1915 accepted as Polystira formosissima (E. A. Smith, 1915) (original combination)
          24. Species Turris fusinella Dall, 1908 accepted as Fusiturricula fusinella (Dall, 1908) (superseded combination)
          25. Species Turris gilchristi (G. B. Sowerby III, 1902) accepted as Oliveragemmula gilchristi (G. B. Sowerby III, 1902) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          26. Species Turris halcyonis Dall, 1908 accepted as Ophiodermella inermis (Reeve, 1843) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
          27. Species Turris imperfecti Röding, 1798 accepted as Turris babylonia (Linnaeus, 1758)
          28. Species Turris indica Röding, 1798 accepted as Unedogemmula indica (Röding, 1798) (original combination)
          29. Species Turris integra (Thiele, 1925) accepted as Crassispira integra Thiele, 1925
          30. Species Turris invicta Melvill, 1910 accepted as Unedogemmula unedo (Kiener, 1839) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
          31. Species Turris joubini (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906) accepted as Corinnaeturris leucomata (Dall, 1881)
          32. Species Turris kantori Kilburn, Fedosov & B. M. Olivera, 2012 accepted as Annulaturris kantori (Kilburn, Fedosov & B. M. Olivera, 2012) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          33. Species Turris kathiewayae Kilburn, Fedosov & B. M. Olivera, 2012 accepted as Annulaturris kathiewayae (Kilburn, Fedosov & B. M. Olivera, 2012) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          34. Species Turris kilburni Vera-Peláez, Vega-Luz & Lozano-Francisco, 2000 accepted as Turris pagasa B. M. Olivera, 2000 accepted as Annulaturris pagasa (B. M. Olivera, 2000) (declared junior synonym of T. pagasa by First Reviser's choice by Kilburn et al. (2012))
          35. Species Turris lignaria (G. B. Sowerby III, 1903) accepted as Drillia lignaria (G. B. Sowerby III, 1903)
          36. Species Turris lobata (G. B. Sowerby III, 1903) accepted as Ptychosyrinx lobata (G. B. Sowerby III, 1903) accepted as Cryptogemma praesignis (E. A. Smith, 1895)
          37. Species Turris macella Melvill, 1923 accepted as Agladrillia macella (Melvill, 1923) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          38. Species Turris monilifera Pease, 1860 accepted as Eugemmula monilifera (Pease, 1860) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          39. Species Turris munizi Vera-Peláez, Vega-Luz & Lozano-Francisco, 2000 accepted as Gemmula lululimi B. M. Olivera, 2000 (declared junior synonym of Gemmula lululimi by First Reviser's choice by Kilburn et al. (2012))
          40. Species Turris nadaensis M. Azuma, 1973 accepted as Annulaturris nadaensis (M. Azuma, 1973) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          41. Species Turris nobilis Röding, 1798 accepted as Turris babylonia (Linnaeus, 1758)
          42. Species Turris nodifera (Lamarck, 1822) accepted as Turricula javana (Linnaeus, 1767) (combination of M.Smith, 1940)
          43. Species Turris omnipurpurata Vera-Peláez, Vega-Luz & Lozano-Francisco, 2000 accepted as Annulaturris omnipurpurata (Vera-Peláez, Vega-Luz & Lozano-Francisco, 2000) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          44. Species Turris operosa Röding, 1798 accepted as Doxander operosus (Röding, 1798) (original combination)
          45. Species Turris orthopleura Kilburn, 1983 accepted as Makiyamaia orthopleura (Kilburn, 1983) (original combination)
          46. Species Turris pagasa B. M. Olivera, 2000 accepted as Annulaturris pagasa (B. M. Olivera, 2000) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          47. Species Turris pluteata (Reeve, 1843) accepted as Fusiturris pluteata (Reeve, 1843)
          48. Species Turris pulchra Röding, 1798 accepted as Turris babylonia (Linnaeus, 1758)
          49. Species Turris regia Röding, 1798 accepted as Clavatula regia (Röding, 1798) (original combination)
          50. Species Turris resina Dall, 1908 accepted as Hindsiclava resina (Dall, 1908) (superseded combination)
          51. Species Turris rugitecta Dall, 1918 accepted as Crassispira rugitecta (Dall, 1918) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          52. Species Turris ruthveniana Melvill, 1923 accepted as Lophiotoma ruthveniana (Melvill, 1923) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          53. Species Turris saldanhae Barnard, 1958 accepted as Comitas saldanhae (Barnard, 1958) (original combination)
          54. Species Turris solomonensis (E. A. Smith, 1876) accepted as Inquisitor solomonensis (E. A. Smith, 1876)
          55. Species Turris stolida (Hinds, 1843) accepted as Comitas stolida (Hinds, 1843)
          56. Species Turris tanyspira Kilburn, 1975 accepted as Annulaturris tanyspira (Kilburn, 1975) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          57. Species Turris taxea Röding, 1798 accepted as Clavatula taxea (Röding, 1798) (original combination)
          58. Species Turris tigrina (Lamarck, 1822) accepted as Lophiotoma acuta (G. Perry, 1811) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
          59. Species Turris tornatum Röding, 1798 accepted as Turris babylonia (Linnaeus, 1758)
          60. Species Turris torta (Dautzenberg, 1912) accepted as Fusiturris torta (Dautzenberg, 1912)
          61. Species Turris totiphyllis B. M. Olivera, 2000 accepted as Turris hidalgoi Vera-Peláez, Vega-Luz & Lozano-Francisco, 2000 (declared junior synonym of T. hidalgoi by First Reviser's choice by Kilburn et al. 2012)
          62. Species Turris undatiruga (Bivona e Bernardi, 1838) accepted as Fusiturris undatiruga (Bivona e Bernardi, 1838)
          63. Species Turris undosa (Lamarck, 1816) accepted as Annulaturris undosa (Lamarck, 1816) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          64. Species Turris violacea (Hinds, 1843) accepted as Tomopleura reevii (C. B. Adams, 1850) accepted as Drilliola reevii (C. B. Adams, 1850)
          65. Subgenus Turris (Genota) J. E. Gray, 1847 represented as Genota J. E. Gray, 1847
          66. Species Turris gothica Röding, 1798 (uncertain > nomen dubium)
          67. Species Turris husamaru Nomura, 1940 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
          68. Species Turris pyramidalis Röding, 1798 (uncertain > nomen dubium)
          69. Species Turris rustica Röding, 1798 (uncertain > nomen dubium)
          70. Species Turris ruthae Kilburn, 1983 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
          71. Species Turris sanctimauritii Röding, 1798 (uncertain > unassessed)
          72. Species Turris vitrea Röding, 1798 (uncertain > nomen dubium)
          marine
          Batsch A. J. G. C. (1789). <i>Versuch einer Anleitung, zur Kenntniß und Geschichte der Thiere und Mineralien, für akademische Vorlesungen entworfen, und mit den nöthigsten Abbildungen versehen.</i> Vol. 2. <i>Besondre Geschichte der Insekten, Gewürme und Mineralien.</i> Jena: Akademische Buchhandlung. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44299736
          page(s): 691 [details] 
          Nomenclature The name Turris was previously attributed to Röding, 1798. Dubois & Bour (2010, Bonn Zoological Bulletin, 57(2): 149-171)...  
          Nomenclature The name Turris was previously attributed to Röding, 1798. Dubois & Bour (2010, Bonn Zoological Bulletin, 57(2): 149-171) have shown that it had first been established by Batsch, 1789. [details]
          MolluscaBase eds. (2025). MolluscaBase. Turris Batsch, 1789. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=153926 on 2025-07-08
          Date
          action
          by
          2005-04-16 10:28:02Z
          created
          Vanden Berghe, Edward
          2009-12-02 08:40:23Z
          changed
          Tucker, John
          2010-01-22 09:58:45Z
          changed
          Tran, Bastien
          2011-08-04 19:45:22Z
          changed
          Bouchet, Philippe
          2011-09-21 19:59:55Z
          changed
          Bouchet, Philippe
          2018-04-01 07:39:19Z
          changed
          Bouchet, Philippe

          Creative Commons License The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License


          Nomenclature

          original description Batsch A. J. G. C. (1789). <i>Versuch einer Anleitung, zur Kenntniß und Geschichte der Thiere und Mineralien, für akademische Vorlesungen entworfen, und mit den nöthigsten Abbildungen versehen.</i> Vol. 2. <i>Besondre Geschichte der Insekten, Gewürme und Mineralien.</i> Jena: Akademische Buchhandlung. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44299736
          page(s): 691 [details] 

          original description (of Pleurotoma Lamarck, 1799) Lamarck, J.B.M. (1799). Prodrome d'une nouvelle classification des coquilles, comprenant une rédaction appropriée des caractères géneriques, et l'établissement d'un grand nombre de genres nouveaux. <em>Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris.</em> 1: 63-91., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13585626
          page(s): 73 [details] 

          basis of record Kantor, Y., Bouchet, P., Fedosov, A., Puillandre, N. & Zaharias, P. (2024). Generic revision of the Recent Turridae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea). <em>Journal of Molluscan Studies.</em> eyae032: 1-40.
          page(s): 7, figs 4A–E, 5A-B [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

          Taxonomy

          taxonomy source Kilburn R.N., Fedosov A.E. & Olivera B.M. (2012) Revision of the genus <i>Turris</i> Batsch, 1789 (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Turridae) with the description of six new species. <i>Zootaxa</i> 3244: 1-58. [22 March 2012] [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

          Other

          additional source Bouchet, P.; Kantor, Y. I.; Sysoev, A.; Puillandre, N. (2011). A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda). <em>Journal of Molluscan Studies.</em> 77(3): 273-308., available online at http://mollus.oxfordjournals.org/content/77/3/273.full.pdf [details] 

          subsequent type designation Dubois A. & Bour R. (2010). The distinction between family-series and class-series nomina in zoological nomenclature, with emphasis on the nomina created by Batsch (1788, 1789) and on the higher nomenclature of turtles. <em>Bonn Zoological Bulletin.</em> 57(2): 149-171.
          page(s): 171; note: type species fixation [details] 

          		 
           Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
          From editor or global species database
          Nomenclature The name Turris was previously attributed to Röding, 1798. Dubois & Bour (2010, Bonn Zoological Bulletin, 57(2): 149-171) have shown that it had first been established by Batsch, 1789. [details]
              Definitions

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